多发性硬化症:新疗法点燃新希望
schedule 2 mins

Medical Analytics | 06 February 2024

schedule 2 mins

干细胞治疗多发性硬化进入临床试验阶段

 

一项关于干细胞治疗多发性硬化的早期临床试验成功进行,为严重多发性硬化症的治疗带来了希望的曙光。大部分多发性硬化症患者发病后疾病进展缓慢,部分不会发病;然而,进展型多发硬化症患者的自病程开始就持续急速恶化,期间不会出现缓解。

神经干细胞大约在三十年被首次发现,当时为很多疾病的治疗带来了希望,但其在临床应用方面的发展却一直十分缓慢。此次在意大利进行的早期试验中,科学家将神经干细胞(具有分化成脑组织细胞能力的细胞群)直接注射到15名进展型多发性硬化症患者的大脑中。这些细胞提取自捐献的流产胎儿,未来可能实现从患者自身提取。

试验开始时,大多数患者病情严重,需要乘坐轮椅。

在治疗后 12 个月的随访期间,这些患者的身体状况和认知能力都没有实质性的恶化。不同于进展型多发硬化症患者的急性发病过程,入组患者病情稳定。试验结果同样显示,干细胞注射剂量越大,患者脑组织损失的体积越小

 

 

然而由于这些患者在试验开始时就有严重的症状,一定程度影响了科学家观察和测量病情恶化程度的准确性。同时,这项试验规模相对较小,而且没有设置对照组进行比较。另外,大多数患者的核磁共振扫描结果显示大脑仍有疾病活动的迹象,这表明该干细胞治疗只能部分抑制脑内炎症。

 

不过在此次试验中,这种新疗法还是展现出了巨大潜力,且未出现严重不良反应。下一步需要做的是进行更大规模的临床试验,以确定最佳注射剂量。

 

最重要的是,未来的试验将致力于证明这种新疗法能够有效阻止疾病进展,尤其是在疾病早期阶段就发挥效用,从而在患者需要助行器或轮椅之前阻止病情恶化。

 

参考文献

  1. Early-stage stem cell therapy trial shows promise for treating progressive MS | University of Cambridge 
  2. Intracerebroventricular Transplantation of Foetal Allogeneic Neural Stem Cells in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (hNSC-SPMS): A Phase I Dose-Escalation Clinical Trial

 

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